| Head injury and concussion | Head injury and concussion | Head injury and concussion | H | English | Neurology | Child (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | Brain | Brain | Conditions and diseases | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | Headache;Nausea;Vision problems;Vomiting | | 2019-02-21T05:00:00Z | | Shawna Silver, MD, FRPCP, FAAP, PEng;Bashar Bukhamsin, MD | | | | 8.60000000000000 | 64.0000000000000 | 922.000000000000 | | Health (A-Z) - Conditions | Health A-Z | <p>Learn how to recognize a concussion after a head injury and when to see a doctor or seek emergency care. </p> | <p>A head injury can happen when a child hits their head or when there is a blow to another part of the body that causes the head to spin or jolt. Head injuries caused by falls are especially common when children are learning to walk or ride a bike or are taking part in recreational or competitive activities.</p><p>Most head injuries are minor and result in no symptoms or physical changes, but sometimes they can result in bumps, bruises or swelling to the scalp.</p><p>Sometimes, what seems to be a mild bump or blow to the head can be serious and cause a concussion. This is a risk with any head injury.</p><p>A concussion may result from a:</p><ul><li>direct impact to the head, neck or face</li><li>fall</li><li>blow to the body that causes the head and brain to move back and forth</li></ul><p>A concussion is an "invisible" brain injury that affects the way your child thinks and remembers. It cannot be seen on X-rays, MRIs or other forms of brain imaging.</p> | | <h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Most head injuries are minor.</li><li>Any head injury puts your child at risk for concussion.</li><li>If you think that your child has had a concussion, they should see a doctor on the same day that the head injury occurs.</li><li>If your child has signs of a concussion during a sports activity, they should stop participating immediately and see a doctor.</li><li>A doctor will examine your child and may recommend further tests or, if concussion is diagnosed, provide a post-concussion management plan and prescribe rest.</li><li>Watch your child after a head injury. If you see signs that your child is getting worse, take them to the nearest emergency department or call 911 right away.</li></ul> | | <h2>Signs and symptoms of a concussion</h2><p>Your child does not need to lose consciousness to have a concussion. In younger children, symptoms may not be clear and may be difficult for them to explain.</p><p>After a concussion, your child may experience some of the signs and symptoms below.</p><h3>Physical changes</h3><ul><li>
<a href="/Article?contentid=29&language=English">Headache</a></li><li>Nausea or
<a href="/Article?contentid=746&language=English">vomiting</a></li><li>Vision changes</li><li>Loss of consciousness</li><li>Irritation from light or sound</li><li>Loss of balance, poor co-ordination</li><li>Decreased playing ability</li></ul><h3>Changes in behaviour</h3><ul><li>Irritability</li><li>Sadness</li><li>
<a href="/Article?contentid=18&language=English">Anxiety</a></li><li>Inappropriate emotions</li></ul><h3>Thinking problems</h3><ul><li>Slowed reaction times</li><li>Confusion</li><li>Memory loss or difficulty concentrating</li><li>Feeling dazed</li></ul><h3>Trouble with sleep</h3><ul><li>Drowsiness</li><li>Trouble falling asleep</li><li>Sleeping more than usual</li><li>Sleeping less than usual</li></ul><p>Some symptoms may appear right away. However, in some cases, signs and symptoms evolve over a number of minutes to hours. In addition, symptoms may change over time. Your child may look fine even though they are acting or feeling differently.</p><p>Most people with a concussion recover quickly and fully. But for some people, symptoms can last for days, weeks or longer. In general, recovery may be slower among older adults, young children and teens. If the symptoms of a concussion do not go away after 21 days, your child will need to be reassessed by a doctor.</p><p>Those who have had a concussion in the past are also at risk of having another one and may take longer to recover from a second or further concussion.</p> | | | | <h2>Taking care of your child after a head injury</h2><h3>Wound care</h3><p>If your child has cut themselves, clean the wound with warm water and soap. To control any bleeding, gently press down on the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth. If the cut is large or deep, your child will need to see a doctor as they may require stitches.</p><p>If there is swelling over the injured area, wrap some ice in a cloth and hold it over the swelling for 20 minutes.</p><h3>Concussion</h3><p>If you think that your child has had a concussion, take them to a doctor on the same day that the head injury occurs. If the concussion occurs during a sporting activity, your child should stop the activity immediately; if they continue, they are at greater risk for another injury.</p> | | | | <h2>When to see a doctor for a head injury</h2><p>See a doctor if your child has a deep cut that requires stitches or if you suspect that your child has a concussion.</p><p>Your child's doctor will assess your child for any physical, cognitive and neurological symptoms, for example any swelling, concentration difficulties or problems with vision or co-ordination. Your child may need to have a brain scan or be admitted to hospital if their symptoms are getting worse or are not improving.</p><p>If your doctor diagnoses your child with a concussion, they will prescribe rest from physical and cognitive (for example problem-solving or memory-based) activities. Your child's doctor should also give you a post-concussion management plan for your child.</p><h2>When to seek emergency care for a head injury</h2><p>Take your child to the nearest emergency department, or call 911, if your child is showing signs of a more serious brain injury.</p><h3>Signs and symptoms of a serious brain injury in babies</h3><ul><li>Poor feeding</li><li>Repeated vomiting (throwing up) after a head injury</li><li>Being unable to stop crying or be consoled</li><li>Appearing very drowsy and unable to be awakened</li><li>Seizures</li><li>Tense bulging of the fontanelle (soft spot on top of head)</li></ul><h3>Signs and symptoms of a serious brain injury in children and teenagers</h3><ul><li>A headache that does not go away or gets worse</li><li>Repeated vomiting (throwing up)</li><li>Confusion, agitation or unusual behaviour</li><li>Trouble seeing, speaking or walking</li><li>Weakness, numbness or decreased co-ordination of an arm or leg</li><li>Drowsiness (sleepiness) or decreased consciousness</li><li>Seizures (convulsions)</li></ul> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | <img alt="" src="https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/head_injury_concussion.jpg" style="BORDER:0px solid;" /> | | | | | | concussion | concussion | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/head_injury_concussion.jpg | | Learn how to recognize a concussion after a head injury, how to care for your child and when to see a doctor or seek emergency care. | |
| Mental health | Mental health | Mental health | M | English | Psychiatry | Child (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | NA | NA | NA | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | NA | | | | | | | | | | | | Landing Page | Learning Hub | <p>Learn how to support your child’s wellbeing with activity, sleep and nutrition and how to recognize and manage various mental health conditions.<br></p> | <p>This hub includes resources for parents on how to support your child's mental health and general wellbeing through physical activity, sleep and nutrition. It also provides information on the signs, symptoms and treatments of different mental health conditions, including anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, behavioural disorders, anorexia nervosa and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.<br></p> | | | <div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Wellbeing</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>The everyday pressures of growing up can put a strain on any child's mental wellbeing. Find out how physical activity, a healthy sleep routine, screen time limits and balanced nutrition can boost your child's mental health and support them through difficult times.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Physical activity</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=642&language=English">Physical activity: Guidelines for children and teens</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=641&language=English">Physical activity: Benefits of exercise for health and wellbeing</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Sleep</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=645&language=English">Sleep: Benefits and recommended amounts</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=646&language=English">How to help your child get a good night's sleep</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=647&language=English">How to help your teen get a good night's sleep</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Screen time</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=643&language=English">Screen time: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=644&language=English">How to help your child set healthy screen time limits</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Nutrition</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=639&language=English">Nutrition: How a balanced diet and healthy eating habits can help your child's mental health</a></li></ol></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Anxiety disorders</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Every child feels anxiety at some point as a natural part of growing up. An anxiety disorder, however, is when anxious feelings interfere with a child's everyday routine. Learn more about the signs, symptoms and range of anxiety disorders and how they are treated.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=18&language=English">Anxiety: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=271&language=English">Anxiety: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=270&language=English">Types of anxiety disorders</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=701&language=English">Anxiety: Treatment with medications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=702&language=English">Anxiety: Psychotherapy and lifestyle changes</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Obsessive compulsive disorder</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) occurs when a person suffers from troubling and intrusive thoughts and/or follows repetitive or strict routines to feel less worried. Learn about the causes, signs and impact of this disorder and how you can help your child.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=285&language=English">Obsessive compulsive disorder: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=288&language=English">OCD: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=286&language=English">How OCD affects your child's life</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=709&language=English">OCD: Psychotherapy and medications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=287&language=English">OCD: How to help your child at home</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Depression</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Depression is an illness that causes someone to feel deep sadness or a lack of interest in activities that they once enjoyed. Discover how this condition affects a child's mood, sleep, concentration and energy levels, and how it can be treated.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=19&language=English">Depression: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
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<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=707&language=English">Depression: Treatment with medications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Bipolar disorder</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>When a person has bipolar disorder, they alternate between low and elevated moods for days, weeks or months at a time. Learn about the bipolar disorder spectrum, the symptoms of manic and depressive episodes and how medications, therapy and lifestyle changes can help.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=279&language=English">Bipolar disorder: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=280&language=English">Bipolar disorder: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=704&language=English">Bipolar disorder: Treatment with medications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=705&language=English">Bipolar disorder: Psychotherapy and lifestyle changes</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Suicide and self-harm</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>A child who experiences thoughts of suicide or self-harm is often suffering from overwhelming emotional pain. Find out how to help your child cope with difficult emotions, how to support and protect your child and where to find professional help.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=291&language=English">Suicide in children and teens: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=289&language=English">Self-harm in children and teens: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=290&language=English">Signs and symptoms of suicide risk</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=293&language=English">How to help your child with difficult emotions</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=292&language=English">How to protect your child from harm</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Eating disorders</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>An eating disorder not only risks your child's health but can also disrupt family life. Find out about the symptoms and treatment of anorexia, bulimia, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and binge eating disorder and how you can help your child recover.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Anorexia nervosa</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=268&language=English">Anorexia nervosa: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=269&language=English">Anorexia: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=267&language=English">Anorexia: Medical complications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=700&language=English">Anorexia: Treatment options</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=266&language=English">Anorexia: How to help your child at home</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Bulimia nervosa</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=282&language=English">Bulimia nervosa: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=283&language=English">Bulimia: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=281&language=English">Bulimia: Medical complications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=706&language=English">Bulimia: Treatment options</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=294&language=English">Bulimia: How to help your child at home</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=274&language=English">Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=275&language=English">ARFID: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=273&language=English">ARFID: Medical complications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=703&language=English">ARFID: Treatment options</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=272&language=English">ARFID: How to help your child at home</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h3>Binge eating disorder (BED)</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=277&language=English">Binge eating disorder: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=278&language=English">BED: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=640&language=English">Obesity: Medical complications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=276&language=English">BED: How to help your child at home</a></li></ol></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves difficulties with controlling attention and regulating behaviour. Discover the main symptoms of ADHD in children and teens, how the disorder is diagnosed and how to help your child at home and at school.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1922&language=English">Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1923&language=English">ADHD: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1997&language=English">ADHD: How to help your child at home</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1999&language=English">ADHD: Communicating with your child's school</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1998&language=English">ADHD: Treatment with medications</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Behavioural disorders</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Behavioural disorders include oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Learn how these disorders differ from typical misbehaviour, how therapy and medications can help and how you can manage problematic behaviour at home.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1924&language=English">Behavioural disorders: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1925&language=English">Behavioural disorders: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2000&language=English">Behavioural disorders: Treatment with psychotherapy and medications</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2001&language=English">Behavioural disorders: How to help your child at home</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. Learn about the main symptoms of PTSD, how the condition is diagnosed and how psychotherapy and medications can help your child.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1927&language=English">Post-traumatic stress disorder: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1928&language=English">PTSD: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2005&language=English">PTSD: Treatment with psychotherapy and medications</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Brain disorders and mental health</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>A brain disorder includes a condition, illness or injury that affects the brain and how it develops before or after birth. Find out how a brain disorder can affect your child's learning, mood and social skills, how its impact on mental health is assessed and how to help your child cope.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1926&language=English">Brain disorders and mental health: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2002&language=English">Brain disorders: Assessing your child for neuropsychological difficulties</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2003&language=English">Brain disorders: How to help your child cope</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2004&language=English">Brain disorders: Common treatments</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Parenting a child with a chronic condition</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>A chronic conditions can affect a child's mental health and everyday routines. Discover how parents and caregivers can help manage both their child's health care and routines, and support their own mental health.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3400&language=English">Living with a chronic condition: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3401&language=English">Living with a chronic condition: Helping your child manage their health</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3402&language=English">Living with a chronic condition: Maintaining your child's everyday routines</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3403&language=English">Living with a chronic condition: Supporting yourself as a caregiver</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Substance use disorder</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Substance use is the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs for pleasure or enjoyment. Learn about the signs and symptoms of substance use and how you can help your teen if you suspect they have a substance use disorder.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3663&language=English">Substance use disorder: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3664&language=English">Substance use disorder: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3665&language=English">Substance use disorder: How to help your teen at home</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<h2 class="panel-title">Understanding functional symptoms and somatization</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Somatization involves expressing distress through physical symptoms. Find out about the mind-body connection, signs of somatization and the various ways to support your child or teen.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3666&language=English">Functional symptoms: Overview</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3667&language=English">Mind-body connection</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3668&language=English">Somatization: Signs and symptoms</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3669&language=English">Somatization: Common treatments</a></li><li class="list-group-item">
<a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3770&language=English">Somatization: How to help your child or teen cope</a></li></ol></div> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/Mental_health_landing-page.jpg | mentalhealth | healthyliving | | | | |
| Down syndrome: Related medical conditions | Down syndrome: Related medical conditions | Down syndrome: Related medical conditions | D | English | Genetics | Child (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | NA | NA | Conditions and diseases | Adult (19+)
Caregivers | NA | | 2017-10-16T04:00:00Z | | Nirit Bernhard, MSc, MD, FRCPC;Priya Sayal, MD, BHSc. | | | | 11.6000000000000 | 41.5000000000000 | 1379.00000000000 | | Flat Content | Health A-Z | <p>Children with Down syndrome may be at a higher risk for some medical conditions. Learn what these conditions are and how to manage them.</p> | <p><a href="/Article?contentid=9&language=English">Down syndrome</a> is a common congenital condition affecting about one in every 700 babies in Canada. Children with Down syndrome have extra genetic material from chromosome 21, most often a third copy of chromosome 21. While Down syndrome is associated with medical and developmental challenges, each child is affected differently. The medical and developmental issues may be more serious in some children than in others. </p><p>There are several medical conditions that can affect children with Down syndrome. </p> | | <h2>Key points</h2><ul><li>Down syndrome is a common genetic condition present at birth and is due to the presence of extra genetic material from chromosome 21.<br></li><li>Down syndrome is associated with developmental and medical challenges.</li><li>Each child is unique and is affected differently.</li><li>Hearing and vision problems are the most common medical conditions associated with Down syndrome.</li></ul> | <h2>Heart</h2><p>About 40–50% of children with Down syndrome have a congenital heart defect. Congenital means they were born with the condition or defect. Many of these defects can be corrected through surgery.</p><p>Children with Down syndrome are routinely screened for congenital heart defects. Sometimes a congenital heart defect can be detected before a baby is born.
<a href="/article?contentid=1608&language=English">Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs)</a> are the most common type of heart defect in children with Down syndrome. AVSD is caused by a failure of the heart’s four chambers to form properly. Other types of congenial heart conditions such as
<a href="/article?contentid=1607&language=English">atrial septal defects</a>,
<a href="/article?contentid=1626&language=English">ventricular septal defects</a>,
<a href="/article?contentid=1617&language=English">patent ductus arteriosus</a> and
<a href="/article?contentid=1621&language=English">tetralogy of Fallot</a> are also common.</p><p>These conditions may be detected and diagnosed by an experienced health-care provider listening for a heart murmur or if the baby has low oxygen levels. However, it is possible to have a major heart problem without hearing a murmur or having low oxygen levels. It is very important for every baby with Down syndrome to have an
<a href="/article?contentid=1642&language=English">echocardiogram</a> (heart ultrasound) even if the prenatal ultrasounds were normal. </p><p>Certain kinds of congenital heart defects need to be repaired by surgery early in a baby’s life, while other types of congenital heart disease can be observed closely by a cardiologist. A paediatric cardiologist is a specialist who can diagnose and treat children with congenital heart disease. Speak to your child’s cardiologist for more details about the care plan for your child’s heart condition. </p><h2>Gastrointestinal tract</h2><p>A smaller number of children are born with
<a href="/article?contentid=1467&language=English">gastrointestinal tract</a> abnormalities. The gastrointestinal tract includes the esophagus, stomach and intestines. Surgery can correct many of these gastrointestinal congenital abnormalities.</p><p>Some of the common gastrointestinal and digestive problems that affect children with Down syndrome are listed below.</p><h3>Gastrointestinal narrowing</h3><p>If a newborn with Down syndrome has severe vomiting from birth, they may be among the approximately 12% of babies with Down syndrome who have a gastrointestinal narrowing (atresia). Most commonly, the first part of the small intestine—the duodenum—is blocked. The end result is that digested food cannot pass through the duodenum. The treatment for this is surgical removal of the blockage. </p><h3>Hirschsprung disease</h3><p>
<a href="/article?contentid=830&language=English">Hirschsprung disease</a> affects fewer than 1% of infants with Down syndrome. Hirschsprung disease occurs when the last part of the large intestine does not function properly due to a lack of nerve cells. As a result, affected individuals have severe constipation. When this is severe, it may cause a bowel obstruction. The treatment involves surgically removing the portion of colon that does not function properly.<br></p><h3>Constipation</h3><p>People with Down syndrome can be
<a href="/article?contentid=6&language=English">constipated</a> for all of the same reasons that people without Down syndrome become constipated, such as poor diet and lack of exercise. However, people with Down syndrome are also prone to conditions that can result in constipation, including
<a href="/article?contentid=2309&language=English">hypothyroidism</a>, Hirschsprung disease, and
<a href="/article?contentid=816&language=English">celiac disease</a>. If constipation is not related to these conditions, caregivers and physicians should work together to explore safe laxative medications.</p><h2>Hearing loss</h2><p>In children, hearing loss can affect educational, language-related, and emotional development. Monitoring and treatment of the ears and ear diseases can lessen the incidence of hearing loss. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends audiologic testing at birth, then again between six and 12 months of age, followed by yearly hearing tests. Hearing aids should be considered even in cases of mild hearing loss to prevent delays in educational, emotional and language-related development.</p><h2>Visual impairment </h2><p>The greatest concern for children with Down syndrome is congenital
<a href="/article?contentid=837&language=English">cataracts</a> (lack of clearness to the lens of the eye). If cataracts are present and left untreated, this condition can lead to blindness. Cataracts may not be visible to the naked eye. The proper way to test for cataracts is to have an experienced health care provider examine the eyes using an ophthalmoscope. Congenital cataracts usually need to be surgically repaired immediately. If caught early, vision can be restored and blindness can be avoided. Ophthalmologists are the eye doctors and surgeons who treat cataracts and similar eye conditions. </p><p>Refractive error (the need for glasses) is much more common in children with Down syndrome than in the general population.
<a href="/article?contentid=836&language=English">Strabismus</a> (eye misalignment), also known as lazy eye, is also more common. It is important to diagnose strabismus as a child, as this condition can result in
<a href="/article?contentid=835&language=English">amblyopia</a>, which is a loss of vision or stereopsis which is a loss of depth perception.</p><p>In addition to the need for eyeglasses, many children with Down syndrome have tear duct abnormalities, which caregivers will notice as frequent discharge and tearing from the eyes, worsened by colds. This should be monitored by an eye doctor if is it not improving, as sometimes this condition may need to be surgically corrected.</p><h2>Thyroid dysfunction </h2><p>
<a href="/article?contentid=2309&language=English">Hypothyroidism</a> is the most common endocrine problem in children with Down syndrome. It is estimated that approximately 10% of children with Down syndrome have congenital or acquired thyroid disease. Thyroid hormone is important for growth and cognitive (brain) development throughout childhood. Abnormal thyroid levels can be detected through routine blood tests. </p><h2>Increased likelihood of certain infections </h2><p>Individuals with Down syndrome may have a high frequency of infections, usually of the upper respiratory tract. The infections are characterized by increased severity and prolonged course of disease, which are partially related to differences in their immune system. Non-immunological factors, including abnormal anatomical structures (e.g. small ear canal, narrow trachea) and gastro-esophageal reflux, may also play a role in the increased frequency of respiratory tract infections. </p><h2>Cervical spine instability or dislocation </h2><p>Up to 25% of children with Down syndrome may have atlantoaxial instability (AAI). This is a developmental abnormality of their spinal column that causes increased flexibility between the first and second bones of the cervical spine (neck). Most of the time this does not cause any symptoms or problems. It is important to be aware of the potential for problems, however, because dislocation of the vertebrae that protect the spinal cord may lead to spinal cord injury. Routine neck X-rays are no longer recommended by the AAP. Symptoms that are associated with AAI include a change in the way the individual walks, difficulty using their arms or hands, changes in bowel or bladder function, weakness, or if there is new onset neck pain or head tilt. You should contact your doctor immediately if any of these concerns are present. </p><h2>Seizures</h2><p>
<a href="/article?contentid=2060&language=English">Seizures</a> are caused by abnormal brain activity that lead to abnormal body movements. Children with DS are five times more likely than the general population to have seizures. This may occur in infancy or later in life. It is important to detect and treat seizures early to ensure the best brain and cognitive development. </p><h2>Blood disorders</h2><p>Individuals with Down syndrome occasionally have abnormalities in their blood cells. This is why it is recommended that they have a complete blood count done at birth, followed by annual testing. In many instances, the abnormalities resolve spontaneously over a period of time, and this is especially common among newborn babies with Down syndrome. Rarely, if the condition persists, this may lead to a type of cancer called leukemia. Leukemia is a treatable blood cancer that needs to be cared for by a blood specialist called an oncologist.<br></p><p>If you have questions or concerns about any of these conditions, speak with your child’s doctor.</p> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/down_syndrome_medical_conditions_affecting_children.jpg | | | |
| Special diets & feeding methods | Special diets & feeding methods | Special diets & feeding methods | S | English | Nutrition;Allergy;Metabolic | Child (0-12 years);Teen (13-18 years) | Body | Digestive system | Conditions and diseases | Caregivers
Adult (19+) | NA | | 2018-01-19T05:00:00Z | | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Landing Page | Learning Hub | <p>Find general information about breastfeeding and transitioning to solid foods, as well as information about different food allergens. Also learn about special diets for specific health conditions.<br></p> | <p>Find general information about breastfeeding and transitioning to solid foods, as well as information about different food allergens. Also learn about special diets for health conditions such as diabetes, epilepsy, cancer treatment and kidney disease. Also find information about feeding methods for children with cleft lip and palate or sensitive gag reflex.</p> | | | <div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Special feeding for babies</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Newborn babies, both full-term and premature, have unique nutritional needs. Read more about the different ways your child can get important nutrients for their first year of life, whether they are feeding at home or in the hospital.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=440&language=English">Breastfeeding</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=634&language=English">Breastfeeding: How do you know your baby is getting enough milk?</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=443&language=English">Expressing breast milk occasionally for your healthy baby</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1971&language=English">Breastfeeding your hospitalized baby</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1845&language=English">Breast milk: Expressing for your hospitalized baby</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1843&language=English">Breastfeeding premature babies in the NICU</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1768&language=English">Feeding methods and nutritional requirements for premature babies</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1684&language=English">Feeding a baby with a heart condition</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1988&language=English">Lactation aid</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=719&language=English">Formula feeding when you cannot provide breastmilk for your baby</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=514&language=English">Failure to thrive</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=635&language=English">Feeding your baby: Weaning</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=968&language=English">Cleft lip and cleft palate: Spoon feeding and cup drinking</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=498&language=English">Nutrition as your baby gets older</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=497&language=English">Introducing solids</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1979&language=English">Finger feeding your baby</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=31&language=English">Sensitive gag reflex: Transition to textured foods</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=457&language=English">Spitting up and vomiting</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">G and GJ tubes</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Gastrostomy tubes (G tubes) are placed in the stomach and gastrojejunal tubse (GJ tubes) are places in the small intestine. Both help with feeding by allowing liquid feeds to be given directly into the stomach or small intestine.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h3>Overview</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2822&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Making the decision to get a feeding tube</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2536&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Corflo PEG tube</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3387&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Corflo PEG J tube</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2535&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Mic-Key low-profile J tube</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2905&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Caring for your child and their G tube</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2908&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Low-profile G tubes (Mic-Key)</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h3>G and GJ tube management</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3039&language=English">G/GJ tubes: What to do if your child's feeding tube is blocked</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2910&language=English">G/GJ tubes: What to do if your child's feeding tube is pulled out</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3041&language=English">G/GJ tubes: What to do if your child's feeding tube moves</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3398&language=English">Peritonitis related to G and GJ tubes</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3036&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Permanent feeding tube removal</a></li></ol></li><li><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h3>Stoma and skin care</h3></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2906&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Preventing and managing infection</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3018&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Sensitivity and irritation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3019&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Granulation tissue</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3020&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Managing a leaking stoma</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2907&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Hypertonic salt water soaks</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=3040&language=English">Normal saline: How to prepare at home</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2909&language=English">G/GJ tubes: Using silver nitrate to treat granulation tissue</a></li></ol></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Nasogastric tubes (NG tubes)</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Nasogastric tubes (NG tubes) are inserted into a nostril and go down to the stomach. Liquid feeds are then able to go directly into the stomach through the tube.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=984&language=English">How to insert your child's NG tube</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2457&language=English">NG tubes: Feeding your child</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2456&language=English">NG tubes: Common problems</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Energy boosting</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>If your child has a health condition, they may need to follow a special diet to help them get the right balance of nutrients. Learn about a sample of special diets that can help manage health conditions or reduce the side effects of some medications.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1199&language=English">Kidney disease and energy boosting</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1197&language=English">Energy boosting during baby's first year</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1198&language=English">Energy boosting for teens and kids over one year old</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Special diets</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Sometimes children who have a specific condition or are taking a certain medications will need to follow a special diet. These diets, for example, could increase or decrease the amount of a nutrient that is needed or it could limit the amount of fluids a child drinks.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1196&language=English">Chylothorax: Minimal fat diet</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1193&language=English">High-magnesium diet</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1194&language=English">High-potassium diet</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1546&language=English">Low-bacteria diet guidelines</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1201&language=English">Prednisone: What to eat while you are taking prednisone </a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1200&language=English">Restricting fluids</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Food allergies and sensitivities</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>A food allergy is the immune system's response to a protein found in food. A food sensitivity is the digestive system's difficulty in processing a food or chemical. Find out how to manage the most common allergies and sensitivities and when to get your child tested.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=806&language=English">Egg allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=807&language=English">Fish allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=808&language=English">Milk allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=809&language=English">Peanut allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=810&language=English">Seafood allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=811&language=English">Sesame seed allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=805&language=English">Soy allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=812&language=English">Tree nut allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=813&language=English">Wheat allergy</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1993&language=English">Sulphite sensitivity</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1944&language=English">Food allergies and travelling</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Bowel conditions and diseases</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>The bowel, which includes the large and small intestine, plays a vital role in digesting food and helping the body fight infection. Discover the common symptoms that can occur when the bowel is damaged or diseased and how they can be treated and managed.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=4&language=English">Abnormal-looking stool</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=458&language=English">Constipation and diarrhea in newborns</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=817&language=English">Gastroesophageal reflux disease</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=821&language=English">Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=823&language=English">Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and nutrition</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2639&language=English">What's the difference between IBD and IBS?</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=816&language=English">Celiac disease</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=924&language=English">Ulcerative colitis</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=923&language=English">Crohn's disease</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=959&language=English">Anorectal malformation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1204&language=English">Anorectal malformation diet page</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=830&language=English">Hirschsprung disease</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1205&language=English">Hirschsprung disease diet page</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1975&language=English">Eating after EA/TEF repair</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=983&language=English">Antegrade continence enema (MACE)</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1263&language=English">Bowel management program for fecal incontinence</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=6&language=English">Constipation</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2449&language=English">Distraction during enema</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1027&language=English">Ostomy</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Metabolic disorders</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>A metabolic disorder is a genetic disease that prevents the body from digesting some substances, usually because it lacks an essential enzyme. Learn about the most common metabolic disorders and how a special diet can help ease symptoms.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=938&language=English">Metabolic disorders: PKU, MSUD and nutrition</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1133&language=English">PKU transitions in the early years</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1134&language=English">PKU transitions in the middle years</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1135&language=English">PKU transitions in the teenage years</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1136&language=English">Non-fasting guidelines for children with metabolic disorders</a></li></ol></div><div class="panel panel-primary"><div class="panel-heading clickable">
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<i class="mdi mdi-chevron-down"></i></span><h2 class="panel-title">Health conditions and nutrition</h2></div><div class="panel-body list-group" style="display:none;"><p>Although many health conditions that have a nutritional component are related to the bowel or are metabolic, there are some that are not. There are numerous health conditions or treatments for diseases where nutrition plays an important role.</p></div><ol class="list-group" style="display:none;"><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1545&language=English">Blood and marrow transplant: Feeding and nutrition</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1400&language=English">Brain tumours: Nutritional issues</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=968&language=English">Cleft lip and cleft palate: Spoon feeding and cup drinking</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2098&language=English">Epilepsy: Dietary therapies</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1081&language=English">JIA: Healthy eating</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=2864&language=English">Leukemia: Good nutrition during treatment</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1741&language=English">Diabetes: Meal planning for children</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1683&language=English">Heart conditions and nutrition</a></li><li class="list-group-item"><a class="overview-links" href="/Article?contentid=1768&language=English">Premature babies: Feeding methods and nutritional requirements </a></li></ol></div> | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | https://assets.aboutkidshealth.ca/AKHAssets/special_diets_landing_page.jpg | food,specialdiets | specialdiets | | Special diets and feeding methods | To mark Nutrition Month, find out about tube feeding, special diets, food allergies and sensitivities, bowel conditions and more. | |
